Gum disease, or periodontitis, is a serious gum infection that damages teeth and bones, and can also affect your overall health. It’s important to know the warning signs so you can get treatment before it worsens. This can help keep you healthier, and lower your risk for heart disease, diabetes and other health conditions.

The first stage of gum disease is gingivitis. Symptoms include red, swollen and tender gums that bleed easily with brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is reversible with treatment and can usually be eliminated with a professional cleaning at the dentist, combined with daily brushing and flossing. If left untreated, the bacteria in plaque spread below the gum line into pockets where it releases toxins that damage the tissue and bone. This makes the pockets deeper, and eventually destroys the attachment between the tooth and gums. Teeth can loosen and fall out, or become very crooked, due to the loss of bone and tissue.

Understanding Gum Disease: Prevention and Treatment

Other factors that increase the chance of developing gum disease include smoking, hormonal changes in girls and women, certain medications (such as oral contraceptives), a dry mouth, genetics, poor nutrition and physical irregularities such as crooked teeth or fillings or dental bridges that don’t fit well.

Good oral hygiene is the best way to prevent gum disease. This includes daily brushing for at least 3 minutes each time, and flossing at least once a day. In addition, regular dental cleanings and checkups are essential.